This paper introduces a novel approach to sustainable construction through ‘Frustrated Ceramics’, a self-morphing clay material system, offering an on-site mould-less shaping method. The system consists of two clay bodies with different shrinkage rates, layered to form a flat sheet. The shrinkage difference drives a geometrical incompatibility during firing process that results in the emergence of a complex 3D shape. Through the analysis of physical experiments, based on the theory of incompatible shells, an understanding of key material properties of the system is established. Specifically, the determination of Young’s moduli ratio of the different clay bodies during critical morphing moments at the kiln is defined. This material property proves essential for the adjustment of an initial simulation tool to the case of morphing clay, enhancing our ability to predict Frustrated Ceramics’ morphing results. Further improvements of the simulation also include meshing and gravity considerations. Both material calibration and the simulation code support the newly developed design feature of variable thickness ratio, expanding control and morphological freedom. Combining physical experiments, digital simulation and physics theory, this study aims at providing architects with a predictive understanding of this energy-efficient ‘Frustrated Ceramic’ system, promoting its accessibility and future adoption in the architectural field. 

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When: August 2024

Where: eCAADe 2024 Data Driven Intelligence, Nicosia, Cyprus

With: Ofri Dar, Omri Cohen, Eran Sharon